Dysbiosis of the Microbial Organ and Everyday Chemicals
Researchers
have compiled data that illustrates a clear link between chronic
disease of the liver and gastrointestinal systems. Where these
researchers disagree is amongst the myriad of cause and effect
relationship between intestinal illness and antibiotic use and the
resulting abnormal bacterial cultures growth that spreads to infect the
liver and hepatic systems. This infiltration of the hepatic systems, by
overgrowth of gut bacteria has contributed to;Non-Alcoholic
Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its comorbid factors, such as Dysbiosis
and cirrhosis, have become the leading cause of liver related deaths
and diseases in the world.
Dysbiosis
hypothesis is a collection of data from researchers that claims that
the etiology of dysbiosis is due to the abuse of foods and antibiotics,
though the modern sedentary lifestyle also plays a major role in the
poor processing of food and poor synthesis of lipids. This hypothesis
has its roots in bowel toxemia theory which has been attributed to
Hippocrates in 400 BC. He proposed that diet and intestinal interaction
required its own study and discipline as the consumption/digestion
interaction produced many changes to the intestinal biosphere. Some of
those changes are negative for the individual as they make alterations
or abduction of metabolic processes which include changes to the quality
and quantity of the flora and fauna as well as making administrative
changes to the host's metabolic function and chemical communications
with the brain.
Dysbiosis
theory supported researchers in the development of an abstraction of
the microbial lifeforms that reside in the intestinal tract. This
abstraction was named; “the microbe organ” and covered a surface mass
equal to the liver in rough size and workload scope of biochem reactions.(1)
In addition to hepatic health, the gastrointestinal system plays a
major part in immune health and synthesis of vitamin and influences
human health and behavior in ways we’re only recently rediscovering.
Investigation into Dysbiosis hypothesis and the Microbial Organ could
yield untold enrichment for human health care, quality of life and a
definitive link between gastrointestinal and hepatic health.
“Next generation DNA sequencing”(2)
has revealed a correlation between NAFLD and intestinal dysbiosis.
Dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is a microbial imbalance of
intestinal flora and fauna in the intestines, skin or vagina. Dysbiosis
plays a role in colon cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and
inflammatory bowel disease (IBS). Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in
chronic metabolism problems such as obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MS),
diabetes, and cardiovascular syndrome (CVS). According to author and
researchers, Jerome Boursier and Anna Mae Diehl, “(NAFLD) is the liver manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome.”(3)
The latest research has found that this relationship is most
abundantly clear in the late stage phenotypes of chronic NAFLD such as
an accumulation of triglycerides.
Triglycerides (TG) are chemical compounds derived from acids that form the majority of
fatty acids in humans, vegetables and animals. TG are the main
contributors of body fat in humans. Stenosis is known as a process of
abnormal lipid (fat) retention within a cell. The lipid cells are not
processed and synthesized properly leading to inflammation in the lipid
cells and eventual fibrosis, scarring, across the cell tissue membrane.
This buildup of scar tissue leads to cirrhosis of the liver. Besides the
related pain and significantly reduced quality of living, the
individual suffering from NAFLD and cirrhosis has a significantly
increased risk of hepatic cancer.
With an established link between NAFLD, a disease that is becoming more common amongst paediatric
populations, investigation into the etiology of dysbiosis has become
that much more relevant and dire. NAFLD has affected a quarter of the
adult population and up to seventy percent of the population of
diabetics (4). This statistic warrants investigation into the
comorbidity of hepatic health and gastrointestinal biosystems.
Additionally, as clinical research is finding, correlations between
abnormal triglyceride cell function and a hypothetical concept of health
known as dysbiosis seem to be the the major contributors to NAFLD.
Citation
(1)Hawrelak JA, Myers SP. The causes of intestinal dysbiosis: a review. Altern Med Rev. 2004 Jun;9(2):180-97. Review. PubMed PMID: 15253677.
(2),(3)Boursier J, Diehl AM (2015) Implication of Gut Microbiota in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS Pathog 11(1): e1004559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004559
Editor: Deborah A. Hogan, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, UNITED STATES
(4)Ahmed, Monjur. “Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in 2015.” World Journal of Hepatology 7.11 (2015): 1450–1459. PMC. Web. 31 July 2017.
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